When a GPR unit transmits a radar wave into the ground, it gets progressively
weaker as the signal is absorbed, or attenuated, by the ground material. The
transmitted signal starts off with a given strength, or amplitude, and that amplitude
diminishes as it gets deeper into the ground because the signal is getting absorbed
by ground elements, reflecting off of other elements, or is otherwise attenuated by
the conductive material it’s traveling through. The signal is still intact, but this
attenuation can make it difficult to see targets on GPR displays or data files. GPR
users can counteract that attenuation by adding, in effect, additional screen
contrast; that added screen contrast is called gain.
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